Winds and the Pressure Gradient Force

Winds and the Pressure Gradient Force Wind is the development of air over the Earth’s surface and is delivered by contrasts in pneumatic stress between one spot to another. Wind quality can fluctuate from a light breeze to tropical storm power and is estimated with the Beaufort Wind Scale. Winds are named from the course from which they start. For instance, a westerly is a breeze originating from the west and blowing toward the east. Wind speed is estimated with an anemometer and its heading is resolved with a breeze vane. Since wind is delivered by contrasts in gaseous tension, comprehend that idea when considering wind too. Gaseous tension is made by the movement, size, and number of gas particles present noticeable all around. This differs dependent on the temperature and thickness of the air mass. In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli, an understudy of Galileo built up the mercury indicator to quantify pneumatic stress subsequent to examining water and siphons in mining activities. Utilizing comparative instruments today, researchers can gauge ordinary ocean level weight at about 1013.2 millibars (power per square meter of surface region). The Pressure Gradient Force and Other Effects on Wind Inside the air, there are a few powers that sway the speed and course of winds. The most significant however is the Earth’s gravitational power. As gravity packs the Earth’s environment, it makes gaseous tension the main thrust of wind. Without gravity, there would be no air or gaseous tension and in this way, no wind. The power really answerable for causing the development of air however is the weight slope power. Contrasts in gaseous tension and the weight angle power are brought about by the inconsistent warming of the Earth’s surface when approaching sun powered radiation aggregates at the equator. Due to the vitality surplus at low scopes for instance, the air there is hotter than that at the posts. Warm air is less thick and has a lower barometric weight than the virus air at high scopes. These distinctions in barometric weight are what make the weight inclination power and wind as air continually moves between territories of high and low weight. To show wind speeds, the weight angle is plotted onto climate maps utilizing isobars mapped between regions of high and low weight. Bars dispersed far separated speak to a steady weight slope and light breezes. Those closer together show a precarious weight angle and solid breezes. At last, the Coriolis power and grinding both altogether influence wind over the globe. The Coriolis power causes wind to divert from its straight way among high and low-pressure territories and the grinding power eases back wind down as it goes over the Earth’s surface. Upper Level Winds Inside the climate, there are various degrees of air course. Be that as it may, those in the center and upper troposphere are a significant piece of the whole environments air flow. To delineate dissemination designs upper gaseous tension maps utilize 500 millibars (mb) as a kind of perspective point. This implies the stature above ocean level is just plotted in regions with a pneumatic stress level of 500 mb. For instance, over a sea 500 mb could be 18,000 feet into the environment however over land, it could be 19,000 feet. On the other hand, surface climate maps plot pressure contrasts based at a fixed rise, generally ocean level. The 500 mb level is significant for twists in light of the fact that by dissecting upper-level breezes, meteorologists can get familiar with climate conditions at the Earth’s surface. Much of the time, these upper-level breezes create the climate and wind designs at the surface. Two upper-level breeze designs that are essential to meteorologists are Rossby waves and the fly stream. Rossby waves are huge in light of the fact that they bring cold air south and warm air north, making a distinction in pneumatic force and wind. These waves create along the fly stream. Neighborhood and Regional Winds Notwithstanding low and upper-level worldwide breeze designs, there are different sorts of neighborhood twists far and wide. Land-ocean breezes that happen on most coastlines are one model. These breezes are brought about by the temperature and thickness contrasts of air over land versus water however are restricted to seaside areas. Mountain-valley breezes are another confined breeze design. These breezes are caused when mountain air cools rapidly around evening time and streams down into valleys. Also, valley air picks up heat rapidly during the day and it rises upslope making evening breezes. Some different instances of nearby breezes incorporate Southern California’s warm and dry Santa Ana Winds, the cold and dry mistral wind of France’s Rhã'ne Valley, the freezing, generally dry bora wind on the eastern bank of the Adriatic Sea, and the Chinook twists in North America. Winds can likewise happen on an enormous territorial scale. One case of this sort of wind would be katabatic breezes. These are twists brought about by gravity and are once in a while called seepage winds since they channel down a valley or incline when thick, chilly air at high rises streams downhill by gravity. These breezes are generally more grounded than heaps of katabatic breezes are those that pass over of Antarctica and Greenland’s immense ice sheets. The occasionally moving monsoonal twists found over Southeast Asia, Indonesia, India, northern Australia, and central Africa are another case of provincial breezes since they are restricted to the bigger area of the tropics instead of only India for instance. Regardless of whether winds are neighborhood, territorial, or worldwide, they are a significant part to air dissemination and assume a significant job in human life on Earth as their stream across tremendous regions is equipped for moving climate, poisons, and other airborne things around the world.

Plan of action for Eliazar Gomez Essay

Research has demonstrated that shaking babies is the main source of newborn child mortality. In the United States, up to 1,400 youngsters get clinical treatment in the wake of being shaken. Twenty-five percent of these pass on, while a lion's share of survivors need to adapt to a long lasting vision issues and cerebrum injury (First Statewide, undated). Debby Golonka, MPH, composing for BCB Health Guide, in its Web website, elucidates that the drawn out difficulties of the shaken child condition may incorporate seizures (uncontrolled muscle developments and incapable to talk, see and collaborate ordinarily), muscle spasticity that outcomes in clumsy developments, mental hindrance, visual deficiency or vision issues, delays in physical or passionate development, learning and conduct issues at school. Vincent Palusci, MD adds that harm to an infant’s juvenile cerebrum, with little put away data and created limits, will hinder the brain’s versatile capacities. Dr. Palusci refers to a model that a kid with extreme vision-related issues won't learn by watching. Dr. Palusci likewise says that the improvement of language, engine coordination and equalization will be unfavorably influenced, requiring physical and word related treatment, utilizing a tactile rich condition, so as to help the youngster gain the aptitudes. Dr. Palusci likewise underlines the significance of building the child’s capacity to be mindful. Dr. Palusci composes that advisors frequently take a shot at one kid to assist him with centering and further his capacity to focus. Dr.Palusci additionally says that more established children with SBS may require custom curriculum and proceeded with treatment. Game plan for Eliazar Gomez From his clinical records, it appears that Eliazar may have shaken child condition. It’s absolutely essential to find out without a doubt on the off chance that he is intellectually impeded. It is profoundly plausible that Eliazar has issues with his social abilities with individual understudies and instructors, and relational abilities (â€Å"just taking a gander at you† may show that he didn’t comprehend what was being said). His being a meddler may demonstrate his limited ability to focus. Which are all indications of mental impediment (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004). On the off chance that Eliazar is resolved to be intellectually impeded, he will require individualized assistance. One would need to work with Eliazar’s guardians to think of individualized instruction program for him. Further, the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities writes in its reality sheet that instructors will do well to study mental impediment, and the methods and techniques one can utilize to help intellectually hindered understudies. One likewise needs to get increasingly required by accentuating the student’s qualities and enthusiasm, monitoring his instructive objectives. On the guidance side, the reality sheet proposes being as concrete as could be expected under the circumstances, giving less verbal guidelines and accomplishing more exhibitions (show an image, or other visual guides). Longer errands additionally should be separated into littler advances. (National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities, 2004). References 2004. Mental Retardation Fact Sheet. National Dissemination Center for Children withDisabilities. Retreived on 28 March 2008. <http://www. nichcy. organization/bars/factshe/fs8txt. htm> First statewide shaken infant avoidance examine venture in US. EmaxHealth. Com Retrieved on 28 March 2008. <http://www. emaxhealth. com/50/20024. html> Golonka, Debby. 2007. Shaken Baby Syndrome. BCB Health Guide. Recovered on 28 March 2008. <http://www. bchealthguide. organization/kbase/point/smaller than normal/hw169815/review. htm> Palusci, Vincent J. 2004. Shaken Baby/Shaken Impact Syndrome. <http://kidshealth. organization/parent/clinical/cerebrum/shaken. html>.

Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures

Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures? Are You Drowning in Water Bill Expenditures?Water bills are on the rise. Heres how you can cut your consumption and, in turn, your utility costs.Since last year, the average water bill has increased by 3.6% in 50 cities, according to a 2019 study by Bluefield Research, making it the eighth straight year of increases. And since 2012, water bills have increased by 31%, which has outstripped inflation as well as the pace of increases for groceries and gas.With the cost of water bills on the rise, the average U.S. household can expect to pay $104 a month for water and sewer bills this year. That amount of money can be challenging for households that are struggling to pay the bills. In fact, according to a PEW research study, most people â€" nearly 70 percent â€" who take out payday loans do so to pay for ordinary recurring monthly expenses, such as utilities like water.Conserving water is always good for the environment, but with these stats in mind, it’s also clear that it’s good fo r your pocketbook. Let’s take a look at a few ways to kill two birds with one stone.Cut down on lawn maintenanceAccording to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), lawn irrigation makes up almost one-third of all residential water use, which works out to 9 billion gallons a day. What’s more, the EPA estimates 50% of water used outdoors is wasted due to bad water systems and  watering practices. Here are some tips for cutting down on outdoor water waste:Reconsider your foliage. Consider replacing the standard green grass that likely covers your lawn with native plants. According to the U.S. Forest Service, native plants not only use less water than traditional lawns (because they have already adapted to the climate in which you live), they require less or no fertilizers and pesticides, reduce air pollution, and provide a home and food for native insects and wildlife. In some areas, the root systems of native plants can actually strengthen the structure of the soil and in crease its ability to store water, which reduces rain run off. They usually require little to no maintenance, too.Cut down on lawn watering. The EPA says if families followed its WaterSense guidelines when it comes to watering their lawns, they could each save an estimated 9,000 gallons a year.And while it costs money and time to take steps â€" such as reworking your irrigation system or landscaping with native plants â€" to cut down on water, simply letting your lawn wither is a legitimate option that costs nothing. If your neighbors raise a fuss, you can tell them that you’d rather not contribute to the 4.5 billion gallons of water that we waste on lawns every day.Look for local incentives. If you live in an area that is affected by drought, there may even be an incentive program to help you switch out your lawn for more sustainable options. Right now in Southern California, the Metropolitan Water District is offering a rebate program that pays $2 for every square foot of remove d lawn.Conserve water in the bathroomShowers, sinks, toilets. The bathroom is an easy place to target for increasing water efficiency and savings. However, it may require some personal adjustments.Mind your own habits. One of the easiest (and free) ways to save money on your water bill is to challenge yourself to take shorter showers. According to the Regional Water Providers Consortium (RWPC), every minute you shave off in the shower can save up to 2.5 gallons of water. Throughout the course of a month, that 1 minute per day calculates to about 75 gallons a month. For a family of four, that’s 300 gallons.While you’re at it, don’t let the water run continuously while you brush your teeth. Everyone’s favorite purple dinosaur was on to something, because according to The Water Project, you can reduce your teeth-brushing water usage by 80% if you just turn the tap on in short bursts.Install a high-efficiency showerhead. These cost about $10 to $20 at your local hardware store, and can save an additional 1 gallon of water per minute. The RWPC recommends testing whether or not you could benefit from a high-efficiency showerhead by placing a bucket in the shower. Turn the shower on and time how many seconds it takes for the water to hit the 1 gallon mark. If it takes less than 20 seconds, you could benefit from a high-efficiency showerhead.Upgrade your loo. If you are looking for a longer-term solution, consider switching out your toilet for one that is WaterSense certified. According to the EPA, these toilets can save up to 13,000 gallons of water per year â€" or about $130 a year on your water bill. You can find basic WaterSense models for less than $100, so in theory, it would take less than a year to make back the cost in savings.Reduce water use in the kitchenThe kitchen is another place in your home that is rife with opportunities to waste water and unnecessarily inflate your water bill:Fully fill the dishwasher. If you have a dishwasher, start by neve r running it unless it’s full. If you think about it, the dishwasher uses the same amount of water whether it is full or not, and the RWPC estimates that just one less-than-full load wastes 8 to 10 gallons of water. The EPA says  only running the dishwasher when it’s full means one less run every week, which saves the average family about 320 gallons annually.Skip the rinse. The RWPC also recommend scraping your dishes, rather than rinsing them before putting them in the dishwasher. They estimate this can save you up to 20 gallons of water. Most modern dishwashers and detergents are designed to clean your dishes properly so you don’t have to rinse them before being washed. If you do need to rinse the dishes because they sat out too long, use the rinse feature on your dishwasher, which will use much less water than your rising by hand.Reconsider hand-washing if you have the choice. Many people think that hand-washing dishes uses less water than the dishwasher, but it actually o nly takes about 4 minutes of running water from the tap to equal the amount of water used in a conventional dishwasher; it would be less if you have an energy-efficient one.If you do have to hand-wash, fill your sink with soapy water, and only use the faucet again to rinse the soap from dishes. You save about 2.5 gallons of water for every minute your kitchen faucet does not run, the RWPC says.Monitor for leaks and fix them immediatelyThe EPA estimates that 1 trillion gallons of water are wasted each year in U.S. homes due to leaks, and the average household leaks 10,000 gallons each year (or enough to do 300 loads of laundry). This calculates to about 10% of your water bill, so catching and fixing leaks can be a serious money saver.The EPA’s WaterSense program has created a 10-minute checklist for finding leaks in your home, which includes monitoring your water bill and meter in addition to testing your toilets, showers, taps, and more for leaks. There are a couple big red flags when it comes to water leaks:For example, if you check your water bill and notice that your family of four is using more than 12,000 gallons (16 CCF) per month in the winter, chances are you have a leak somewhere. Likewise, if you monitor your water meter for a two-hour period when no one is using water in your home, and it does not read exactly the same at the end, then you likely have a leak. The EPA recommends reading these tips for monitoring both your water bill and your water meter.How it all adds upMany Americans take water use for granted because it can seem relatively inexpensive. But if pricing trends continue their upward climb, water won’t be this cheap for long, and besides, there is no reason to pay for unnecessary water usage.To prove this point, take a look at Circle of Blue’s graph of average monthly water costs for U.S. families. In 2018 a four-person family using 150 gallons of water per person per day paid an average of $112.04 a month. If that family reduced its water usage by 100 gallons per person per day, the bill was only $35.49 â€" a savings of more than $76 a month or $918 per year. That may seem like a lot of water to cut, but the savings that come with minor lifestyle changes can really add up.

Inmates Welfare and Development - 1885 Words

Chapter 1 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Introduction The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology envisions itself as a dynamic institution highly regarded for its sustained humane safekeeping and development of inmates. This is indeed a very noble vision which has guided the institution over the last 20 years. With this, the Bureau aims to enhance public safety by providing humane safekeeping and development of inmates. In line with the vision, the Bureau endeavors to formulate policies and guidelines in the administration of all district, city and municipal jails nationwide, provide for the basic needs of inmates, and conduct activities for the development of inmates to ultimately improve their living conditions in accordance with the†¦show more content†¦Then, once a person feels a sense of â€Å"belongingness†, the need to feel important arises. Esteem Needs may be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs are those related to self-esteem such as self-respect and recognition. Some esteem needs are self-respect, achievement, attention, recognition, and reputation. Maslow later refined his model to include a level between esteem needs and self-actualization: the need for knowledge and aesthetics. Next is the Self-actualization Need, it is the summit of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It is the quest of reaching one’s full potential as a person. Unlike low er level needs, this need is never fully satisfied; as one grows psychologically, there are always new opportunities to continue to grow. Self-actualized people tend to have needs such as truth, justice, wisdom, and meaning. Self-actualized persons have frequent occurrences of peak experiences, which are energized moments of profound happiness and harmony. According to Maslow, only a small percentage of the population reaches the level of self-actualization. This study was based on the above mentioned theory because it is inherent for Jail Officers to safeguard the conditions of inmates inside jails and to develop their personalities. Jail Officers have a major role to help these individuals help themselves for them to become a law-abiding member of the society and be aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Abounding Needs: Children of Incarcerated Parents1598 Words   |  7 Pagesfood, clothing and shelter (Johnson and Waldfogel, 2002). However, each child of an incarcerated parent has emotional and psychological needs specific to his/her situation that must be met. Meeting these needs will help ensure positive growth and development. Many factors must be considered when assessing the behaviors of children with incarcerated parents. Was the child exposed to parental criminality prior to the parents incarceration? 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Today many recreational activities are carried out in Indian jails healing the physical, emotional and the spiritual opportunity for self development and inculcating a sense of social responsibility in the prisoners. Educational facilities and vocational training is provided to the inmates to make them adept to the society after their release. In tihar jail educational activities are taken care by NGOs and government. Study centres of the Indira Gandhi NationalRead MoreRehabilitation of the Felony Offender Essays1468 Words   |  6 Pagesone way or another. As taxpayers, we pay the costs of the justice system, incarceration, and there is the issue of public safety. This problem is not just going to go away, as history shows there has always been crime. â€Å"A cursory look at the development of the U.S. prison system commences with a study of early 19th Century Calvinist philosophy. The bleak Calvinist outlook considered humans inherently evil and dismissed rehabilitation as a waste of time; retribution reigned supreme† (Whitney 780)Read MoreShould Prison Programs Help Benefit Inmates1662 Words   |  7 Pageswith more than 2.2 million inmates in federal, local, and state prisons. Many ex-offenders struggle to â€Å"fit back in† to their communities and face many difficult obstacles in re-entering the job market. There are many programs that can help inmates with job skills, education, and cognitive skills; that way when they are released from the facility, they are able to face their communities a little more comfortably. My question is: can prison programs help benefit inmates in and out of the facility

Godsgift Tamuno. Dr. Tweedy . English 102-11. 28 February

Godsgift Tamuno Dr. Tweedy English 102-11 28 February 2017 Thesis: Eudora Welty paints the picture of a life journey in the short story â€Å"A Worn Path† through the use of symbolism, imagery, and tone. I. Include a sentence describing symbolism here. A. Supporting information of how symbolism was used 1. First symbol of when the log was laid across the creek 2. Second symbol of the man she came across. (racism) 3. Third symbol the fact that she was picking up the coin B. All the symbols throughout the paper signifies the path and journey of life but also highlights the fact that she kept on persevering. 1. Find more symbols in the story. (her name Phoenix Jackson) 2. Look for one more symbol from the story to add here. II.†¦show more content†¦This signifies Phoenix Jackson’s ability to endure and persevere despite her old age and several obstacles she faces. In addition to symbolism, Jackson’s age also plays an important role in the symbol of rebirth. As Jackson embarks on her journey she even recognizes the fact of her old age. â€Å"You scarecrow,† she said. Her face lightened. â€Å"I ought to be shut up for good.† she said with laughter. â€Å"My senses are gone. I too old. I the oldest people I ever know† (223). The author gives us the indication that Phoenix could at least be one hundred years old but regardless of the long journey through the worn path is Jackson’s process of rebirth into a new creature. This means she lived through slavery, emancipation, and Jim Crow laws. Welty names the protagonist of her story Phoenix and the protagonist stays true to live out the meaning of her name exemplifying a woman of persistence, strength, and vi gor. Furthermore, the name symbolism only goes a long way in interpreting this story. Throughout the story, the author uses several bird references. When Phoenix begins her trip the author describes that the tapping of her cane sounds like the â€Å"chirping of a solitary little bird, then she hears a â€Å"mourning dove† crying. Eventually, Phoenix then encounters the callous hunter who points a gun at her but then she sees a quail inside the haunter’s bag specifically a â€Å"bobwhite†. With all the birds Phoenix encounters throughout her journey, one can say

Modernisation and emotional maturity Free Essays

In modern society, education alone can provide the most dependable and the most effective apparatus for accelerating growth and development in all spheres of human austerity. Now we live in the technological era. The technology of 21st Century has revolutionized and enhanced our way of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Modernisation and emotional maturity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The public expects technology to have a similar revolutionary effect on education. Energy technologies and resulting globalization also provide unlimited possibilities for exciting new discoveries and developments such as new forms of energy, medical advances restoration of environmentally ravaged areas, communication and exploration into space and into the depth of the oceans. From the beginning of life till now life has been changing. Change is the law of nature, and changes in Society are always taking place. At times these changes are slow. Sometime they are so slow that people do not even perceive them. However, there are times when they are also rapid and drastic. All spheres of living things are changing. The word modernization is derived from Latin word ‘mood’ means modern. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a ‘pre-modern’ or ‘traditional’ to a ‘modern’ society. Modernization as a form of cultural response attributes which are basically universalistic and evolutionary. Modernization is generally regarded as a process of change-change of traditional Society into a Society based on Science and technology. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a ‘pre-modern’ or ‘traditional’ to a ‘modern’ society. Modernization can best be defined as the process of transforming the old traditional society and nations to the modernity in the fields of social, economic, industrial, technological, political, cultural and educational advancement. Heraclites as beautifully laid down that it is impossible for a man to step into the same river twice. It is so because in the interval of time between the first and the second stepping both the river and the man have changed their positions. In the words of Moore, † modernization as a revolutionary change leading to transformation of a traditional society into an advanced, economically prosperous and relatively politically stable society. † Toward consider modernization as â€Å"the transformations in attitudes, institutions, and ideologies that are associated with processes such as arbitration and industrialization. â€Å"There is nothing more permanent than change. † Modernization is not westernizes purely. The modernized society believes in co- existence, co-operation and compromise rather than in competition and conflict. Modernization can be achieved only by improving and extending education. Again education, both the formal and informal is a means of communication. The transmission of meaning has important functions like colonization, surveillance, consensus building, raising expectations, focusing attention, broadening mental horizons, creating new attitudes, and values arousing interest in innovation, teaching kills, and encouraging experimentation. Each of these functions has relevance for programmer of modernization. Hence, the formal education if imaginatively and purposefully employed can be a powerful instrument of Modernization. The education today is linked with development. Education is the main agency for the development of attitudes, interests and values and the teacher is its main agent. The class consists of different types of students and they differ in their interest, ‘Q, attitude, achievement etc. Some students change with the changing time, some don’t. There are certain causes behind this kind of difference in attitude. Emotions are important in our lives. Our emotions have the potential to serve us as a delicate and sophisticated interval guidance system. In the present circumstances, youth as well as children are facing difficulties in life. These difficulties are giving rise to many psychosomatic problems such as anxiety, tensions, frustrations and emotional upsets in day to day life. So, the study of emotional life is now emerging as a descriptive science. It deals with interplay of forces with intensities and quantities. Emotional maturity is not only the effective determinant of personality pattern, but it also helps o control the growth of adolescent’s development. The concept ‘Mature’ emotional behavior of any level is that which reflects the fruits of normal emotional development. A person who is able to keep his emotions under control, which is able to break delay and to suffer without self-pity, might still be emotionally stunned and childish. According to Walter et al. (1976), emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for â€Å"greater sense of emotional health, both intra-psychically and intra personality. † Emotional stability is one of the seventh important indicators of mental health. It simply means being grown up so that one may be able to personally manage his/her desires and feelings and may be better able to cope up the adverse life situations in a most befitting and socially approved manner. The most outstanding mark of emotional maturity is ability to bear tension. Life is becoming fast with the advancement of science and technology. Though man has conquered time and space to a great extent by the present level of scientific advancement, yet there is great threat to his existence. The Indian society is becoming increasingly materialistic. Emotional pressure is increasing day by day specially at higher secondary school stage. Unrest, anxiety and frustrations are occurring in all the spheres of life. Parents have no time to spend and guide their children. Students are frequently troubled with their daily problems because they do not have the capacity and training to solve problems. Our educational system also provides no direction to the children. Citizens of tomorrow are children attending today’s schools. Those children in their capacity of being the future administrators, engineers, doctors and last but not least the citizens of the country must be brought p in a way worthy of the obligations which they owe to their community and their country at large. They should normally possess the best physical and mental health for performing their duties. But unless something is done to help the child, he will continue to suffer from anxiety due to heavy work load. Due to high anxiety, child develops certain personality traits which inhibit his proper physical, emotional and social development. All these factors add to emotional tensions of the child and make him an unbalanced personality. In later years, such a child because of his under plopped personality becomes a burden for the society in one form or the other. In this modern world of science and technology, nothing but change is eternal. This generation of ours, lives at the mercy of science and technology. It is believed that science based technology is the ‘column bunkum’ of our life. Moreover, there is a lot of competition in every walk of life. Here Darning’s law of survival of the fittest is truly valid. Only those who succeed can survive. This rapid change in man’s life due to advancement in scientific technology has made man’s life easy and comfortable but t the same time has created many complexities too. Apparently, man appears to be happy but internally, he is full of conflicts. Parents and educational institutions pressurize the children to excel in academics and other areas of performance. There are several things one may feel like doing because of his emotions but emotional maturity will keep him doing the right thing and may even help him to remain calm in the most difficult situations. Emotional maturity is the ability to differentiate and properly identify one’s emotions while granting himself the freedom to experience whatever emotion is appropriate to a given situation. Adolescence is the most crucial and significant period of an individual’s life. It is a period of rapid revolutionary changes in the individual’s physical, mental, moral, spiritual, sexual and social outlook. It is a period to learn new things, and it is a period of anxieties, worries, conflicts, complexities, and ambitions. Adolescence is the period of heightened emotionality. It is the most demanding period in one’s life- a period of storm and stress because accurate portrayal of self to others, which is an identifying criterion of healthy personality, is in the process of establishment during this period. The present study is on modernization and emotional maturity of higher secondary students. The study attempts to analyze the various aspects of modernization and emotional maturity among higher secondary students. The end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty first century have seen an unprecedented upsurge in activities revolving around the teenage adolescence students. It is the dire need of the hour that as teenage adolescence students we should have proper emotional development to rightly use our human emotions. So our minds have something vital to do with our emotions and we should have a self concept to control our emotions with the mind! But our emotions need to be understood, taught, trained and controlled by the mind! Emotional maturity moves beyond intelligence to a higher state of consciousness, guided by what one senses, feels and intuits, and one’s heart. Modernization and Emotional maturity is a tool for promoting students’ mental health and personality. The specific needs for identifying these phenomena of Emotional Maturity and modernization are natural and inevitable outcome of student growth and development rather than among pathological symptom. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals. As the dents are the pillars of the future generations their value pattern and emotional maturity are vital. So the present study intends to measure the emotional maturity and modernization level of the Higher Secondary school students. Citizens of tomorrow are children attending today’s schools. Those children in their capacity of being the future administrators, engineers, doctors and last but not least the citizens of the country must be brought up in a way worthy of the obligations which they owe to their community and their country at large. They should normally possess the best physical and mental health for performing their duties. But unless something is done to help the child, he will continue to suffer from anxiety due to heavy work load. Due to high anxiety, child develops certain personality traits which inhibit his proper physical, emotional and social development. All these factors add to emotional tensions of the child and make him an unbalanced personality. In later years, such a child because of his under developed personality becomes a burden for the society in one form or the other. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals and the development of education is depending to the level of modernization. As the students are the pillars of the future generations their modernization and Emotional maturity are vital ones. So the present study intends to measure the Modernization tenets and Emotional Maturity of Higher Secondary school students. The study will help and guide teachers and parents in taking necessary steps to develop psychological attitude of the pupils in proper lines. Schools are an important place where children have contacts with their peers, form friendship, and participate in social groups and with other children. As children grow from infancy through adolescence, peers are increasingly important in their lives. Their interactions become more complex with age. In adolescence peer relationships affect whole personality. The specific needs for identifying these phenomena of Emotional Maturity and modernization are natural and inevitable outcome of student growth and development rather than among pathological symptom. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals. As the students are the pillars of the future generations their value pattern of Emotional Maturity are vital. For all these reasons this study on the Emotional Maturity and modernization level of Higher Secondary school students is relevant and is a need of the time. How to cite Modernisation and emotional maturity, Papers

Effects of E-commerce to Supply Chain Management - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Write about theEffects of E-commerce to Supply Chain Management. Answer: Analysis Evaluation According to the case study rationale, Heinekens' marketing, competitive strategy as well as the sharing of consumer information seems very important to the supply chain management and supply chain partners. However, the information needed has to be obtained from demand data collection in the most effective and affordable manner from the market demand which always fluctuates (Akhter 2007). Most industries improve their supply chain performances through innovations that would reduce the marketing gaps from production to the market where the products are delivered. Improvement the supply chain performance would make many businesses realize the need to extend to form inter-business process engineering, which is also called business network redesign as partners (Cigan 2014). This collaboration forms the basis of exchange among the supply chain partners to redesign the products through e-commerce using wide area networks of computer connections. Apparently, Heinkens' distributors and sale representatives from different supply chain businesses are able to meet and plan business in three months prior before the actual transactions and delivery of goods. However, their speculative transactions would face challenges as they could not predict future changes that would affect the market demands. Harsh climatic changes, changes in tastes and preferences of the market demand and legal policies affecting the promotion are such challenges they face (Hansen 2005). To reduce the effects of long periods of business transactions, the business partners and sale managers came up with fast method of transactions using fax and email to place orders to partners far away distant apart (Hansen 2005). This time therefore, would be reducing up to three days per month to place order. In fact, the Heinekens' time in marketing gaps is therefore, seems to be reduced by a large range, which previously 10 to 12 weeks to lesser days in a month.This creat es flexibility and able to adapt to changes in the market demands. Requirements Validation In respect to the Heinkens' productivity, the increase companys profits and market shares, managers develop new business methods to facilitate the process. The most effective way to increase the market demand is by reducing the time gaps from production to the market to reach the consumers (Brand 1991). Therefore, managers should come up with the solution to ensure the products are readily available at the right time and place by initiating proper channels of distribution. Ultimately, when the company is located far miles away from the source of raw materials and the market, there are no central collection points. To facilitate and plan the production and delivery, they require more labor intensive methods which is difficult to control and coordinate since business orders would come at different times of production process. To match the marketing demand, more accurate and reliable data would be needed to facilitate collection and analysis of product consumption (Cigan 2014). This mis match of production and consumption would cause under stocking in the parts of distributors as consumption could be higher the stock available. Furthermore, new smaller firms in the local market could reduce the market demand deficiency by producing some products but at lower rates as compared to larger firms. Therefore, relatively larger firms need to develop strategies of forecasting, processing and delivering orders faster than their current capacities since their they have localize market shares and distributors would not incur high costs in distribution. The formation of internet based advertisement would reduce the marketing gaps and companies would interact directly with the consumers to sell and deliver fresh products (Brand 1991). This technology is strategic method to be embraced by other trading partners and internet business hub created would replace old information with new information that match the demand of the consumers. The individual performance can be generated by viewing past sale records and trends and location. A company therefore, can place orders or check their sale performance using their portal pas sword and ID to log in and make changes where necessary. Requirements Management According to the case study, Heineken, the productivity through the use of e-commerce, a distributor can place order and make delivery inquiries. This would greatly improve connection and communication between the company, distributors and the consumers in faster and more efficient way. The Heinekens' managerial skills propells the production and marketing plan, which is achievable and easier. In order to match the market demand, the managements' protfolio has reduced marketing gaps between production and the market would be reduced (Akhter 2007). The priorities of developing e-commerce is to reduce market deficiencies and do market research to produce more quality products that meet the tastes and preferences of consumers. However, other competitors can offset this strategy by rebranding and re-packaging their products to meet the market demand. To make the business more competitive and more efficient, using Remote Location Filing Program to import more products from other countries and also facilitate custom duties at the port during the delivery process. This is possible the use of e-commerce portal created. They would also reduce the procurement costs, They would also reduce the time in raw materials delivery and the production and ensure stock stability as distributors would be more comfortable in dealing with full stocks rather than dealing insufficient stocks delivery from smaller firms (Brand 1991). Therefore, planning for orders would be greatly reduced from three days to 45 minutes. References Akhter, S 2007, Globalization, expectations model of economic nationalism, and consumer behavior.Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(3), pp.142-150. Brand, C 1991, Reversal Theory: Motivation, Emotion and Personality.Personality and Individual Differences, 12(9), p.976. Cigan, V 2014, Relationship between students motivation and their socio-demographic characteristics.Linguistica, 54(1), p.11. Hansen, T 2005, Perspectives on consumer decision making: an integrated approach.Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4(6), pp.420-437.

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment

A Beginners Guide to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment has been defined in many different ways, but at its broadest was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It stressed reason, logic, criticism, and freedom of thought over dogma, blind faith, and superstition. Logic wasn’t a new invention, having been used by the ancient Greeks, but it was now included in a worldview which argued that empirical observation and the examination of human life could reveal the truth behind human society and self, as well as the universe. All were deemed to be rational and understandable. The Enlightenment held that there could be a science of man  and that the history of mankind was one of progress, which could be continued with the right thinking. Consequently, the Enlightenment also argued that human life and character could be improved through the use of education and reason. The mechanistic universe – that is to say, the universe when considered to be a functioning machine – could also be altered. The Enlightenment thus brought interested thinkers into direct conflict with the political and religious establishment; these thinkers have even been described as intellectual â€Å"terrorists† against the norm. They challenged religion with the scientific method, often instead favoring deism. The Enlightenment thinkers wanted to do more than understand, they wanted to change for, as they believed, the better: they thought reason and science would improve lives. When Was the Enlightenment? There is no definitive starting or ending point for the Enlightenment, which leads many works to simply say it was a seventeenth and eighteenth-century phenomena. Certainly, the key era was the second half of the seventeenth century and almost all of the eighteenth. When historians have given dates, the English Civil wars and revolutions are sometimes given as the start, as they influenced Thomas Hobbes and one of the Enlightenment’s (and indeed Europe’s) key political works, Leviathan. Hobbes felt that the old political system had contributed to the bloody civil wars and searched for a new one, based on the rationality of scientific inquiry. The end is usually given as either the death of Voltaire, one of the key Enlightenment figures, or the start of the French Revolution. This is often claimed to have marked the downfall of the Enlightenment, as attempts to rework Europe into a more logical and egalitarian system collapsed into bloodshed which killed leading writers. Its possible to say that we are still in the Enlightenment, as we still have many of the benefits of their development, but Ive also seen it said were in a post-Enlightenment age. These dates do not, in themselves, constitute a value judgment. Variations and Self-Consciousness One problem in defining the Enlightenment is that there was a great deal of divergence in the leading thinkers views, and it is important to recognize that they argued and debated with each other over the correct ways to think and proceed. Enlightenment views also varied geographically, with thinkers in different countries going in slightly different ways. For instance, the search for a â€Å"science of man† led some thinkers to search for the physiology of a body without a soul, while others searched for answers to how humanity thought. Still, others tried to map humanity’s development from a primitive state, and others still looked at the economics and politics behind social interaction. This might have led to some historians wishing to drop the label Enlightenment were it not for the fact that the Enlightenment thinkers actually called their era one of Enlightenment. The thinkers believed that they were intellectually better off than many of their peers, who were still in a superstitious darkness, and they wished to literally ‘lighten’ them and their views. Kant’s key essay of the era, â€Å"Was ist Aufklrung† literally means â€Å"What is Enlightenment?†, and was one of a number of responses to a journal which had been trying to pin down a definition. Variations in thought are still seen as part of the general movement. Who Was Enlightened? The spearhead of the Enlightenment was a body of well-connected writers and thinkers from across Europe and North America who became known as the philosophes, which is the French for philosophers. These leading thinkers formulated, spread and debated the Enlightenment in works including, arguably the dominant text of the period, the Encyclopà ©die. Where historians once believed that the philosophes were the sole carriers of Enlightenment thought, they now generally accept that they were merely the vocal tip of a much more widespread intellectual awakening among the middle and upper classes, turning them into a new social force. These were professionals such as lawyers and administrators, office holders, higher clergy and landed aristocracy, and it was these who read the many volumes of Enlightenment writing, including the Encyclopà ©die and soaked up their thinking. Origins of the Enlightenment The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century shattered old systems of thinking  and allowed new ones to emerge. The teachings of the church and Bible, as well as the works of classical antiquity so beloved of the Renaissance, were suddenly found lacking when dealing with scientific developments. It became both necessary and possible for philosophes (Enlightenment thinkers) to begin applying the new scientific methods - where empirical observation was first applied to the physical universe - to the study of humanity itself to create a â€Å"science of man†. There was not a total break, as the Enlightenment thinkers still owed a lot to Renaissance humanists, but they believed they were undergoing a radical change from past thought. Historian Roy Porter has argued that what in effect happened during the Enlightenment was that the overarching Christian myths were replaced by new scientific ones. There is a lot to be said for this conclusion, and an examination of how science is being used by commentators does seem to greatly support it, although thats a highly controversial conclusion. Politics and Religion In general, Enlightenment thinkers argued for freedom of thought, religion, and politics. The philosophes were largely critical of Europe’s absolutist rulers, especially of the French government, but there was little consistency: Voltaire, critic of the French crown, spent some time at the court of Frederick II of Prussia, while Diderot traveled to Russia to work with Catherine the Great; both left disillusioned. Rousseau has attracted criticism, especially since World War 2, for appearing to call for authoritarian rule. On the other hand, liberty was widely espoused by Enlightenment thinkers, who were also largely against nationalism and more in favor of international and cosmopolitan thinking. The philosophes were deeply critical, indeed even openly hostile, to the organized religions of Europe, especially the Catholic Church whose priests, pope, and practices came in for severe criticism. The philosophes were not, with perhaps some exceptions like Voltaire at the end of his life, atheists, for many still believed in a god behind the mechanisms of the universe, but they railed against the perceived excesses and constraints of a church they attacked for using magic and superstition. Few Enlightenment thinkers attacked personal piety and many believed religion performed useful services. Indeed some, like Rousseau, were deeply religious, and others, like Locke, worked out a new form of rational Christianity; others became deists. It was not religion which irked them, but the forms and corruption of those religions. Effects of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment affected many areas of human existence, including politics; perhaps the most famous examples of the latter are the US Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Parts of the French Revolution are often attributed to the Enlightenment, either as recognition or as a way to attack the philosophes by pointing to violence such as the Terror as something they unwittingly unleashed. There is also debate about whether the Enlightenment actually transformed popular society to match it, or whether it was itself transformed by society. The Enlightenment era saw a general turn away from the dominance of the church and the supernatural, with a reduction in belief in the occult, literal interpretations of the Bible and the emergence of a largely secular public culture, and a secular â€Å"intelligentsia† able to challenge the previously dominant clergy. The Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries era was followed by that of a reaction, Romanticism, a turn back to the emotional instead of the rational, and a counter-Enlightenment. For a while, in the nineteenth century, it was common for the Enlightenment to be attacked as the liberal work of utopian fantasists, with critics pointing out there were plenty of good things about humanity not based on reason. Enlightenment thought was also attacked for not criticizing the emerging capitalist systems. There is now a growing trend to arguing that the results of the Enlightenment are still with us, in science, politics and increasingly in western views of religion, and that we are still in an Enlightenment, or heavily influenced post-Enlightenment, age. More on the effects of the Enlightenment. There has been a lean away from calling anything progress when it comes to history, but youll find the Enlightenment easily attracts people willing to call it a great step forward.

In a groove essays

In a groove essays The short story "In a Grove" by Ryunosuke Akutagawa was made into a movie called Rashomon. The movie and the short story share both similarities and differences. The story starts out with the woodcutter's statement and how he was walking in the woods. The movie however starts out like the short story Rashomon which opens with people sitting under a big gate. The movie then goes into telling the different statements from various characters. In the woodcutter's statement in the story he stumbled upon a women's hat, scarf, rope, comb, and the guy's body. In the movie however he never finds a comb and also finds a mans hat and an amulet case which was never mentioned in the book. There was also some differences in the book and the movie based on the types of clothing worn by the characters. One example is the fact that in the story the policemen is described as wearing a kamoto but in the movie the policeman is dressed is dirty rags, just like everyone else. Besides sharing differences between the movie and the short story there was also some similarities between the two. The movie and the story both portrayed the girl as riding on a horse with a scarf hiding her view and this is very clear in the movie because they focus the film shot right on her. The craziness of Tajomaru is portrayed in both the movie and the story also. The story is a little different though because it portrays him to be a thief who doesn't care if he kills or not. In the movie however, the viewers can plainly see that Tajomaru is crazy because of his wacky spontaneous laughter that gets everyone's attention. The book and the movie both go through everyone's statement one by one which is a big similarity because nothing important in the statements change from the movie to the book. Another thing the story and the movie has in common is how the husbands statement is given through a medium. While I was reading the story however, I had no clue wh ...

Personal statement (fasion industry) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal statement (fasion industry) - Essay Example My first degree was in Fashion design which had a very strong component of management and economics. I enjoyed every subject but I understood very early that fashion is not just creating new clothes; it is extremely large and money-enriched business. Moreover, it is significantly evolving and increasingly becoming a global industry; therefore, I need to be more apprised of the factors that influence significant changes and be able to apply analytical and market research tools in the business that I plan to open. From past courses, such as fashion styling, buying and merchandising, I realized the strong interrelated connections with management courses. I believe that functions in management include planning, organizing, directing and controlling various facets of an organization’s operations; either in marketing, human resources, accounting and finance, and administration. By according me with a more comprehensive discussion of ways to become more competitive and to develop my core competencies, I would be able to effectively design strategies that would assist in achieving my professional goals. Ultimately, I would not only become a successful fashion designer and merchandiser; but I would have evolved into a duly accomplished entrepreneur. After finishing my studies, I worked in retail business with various France companies across Georgia. I was recently actively involved as a buyer and merchandiser for Minelli, Kookai and NafNaf Kids. My responsibilities included reviewing, selecting and buying clothing and accessory collections from various high profile brands including NafNaf, NafNaf & Chavignon Kids, Kookai, and Minelli for several Georgian stores. Likewise, I was proactively contributing to and overseeing numerous PR and advertising campaigns, including the use of billboards and VPN communications in order to promote the collections and generate sales and revenue. I found it necessary therefore, to complete a master’s degree in business mana gement to develop managerial skills, including leadership, decision-making skills, problem-solving and conflict-resolutions skills, among others. I was project manager and in that capacity, my responsibilities included negotiating with several stakeholders and brands managers so they became official partners of the GIG group. Concurrently, I was planning the fashion seasons which covered negotiations that include buying, merchandising, developing pricing strategies and organizing sales periods. In 2010, I started working in an advertising company, also as project manager where among the tasks required branding and conducting market research for our customers to effectively recommend a comprehensive compendium of advertisement strategies. I am currently enrolled in a pre-master program in King’s College. The pre-master’s program is actually designed for international students who have already completed an undergraduate degree; in my case, Fashion Design. The objective o f the program is to effectively prepare students who aim to pursue postgraduate degree programs from other UK universities and therefore, language and academic skills are further enhanced. Despite the more than five years’

Events management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Events management - Assignment Example Some of the temporary facilities include Horse Guards Parade and Hyde Park (Rosner & Shropshire 2010). The new facilities that were used as venues have been maintained, some have been resized, and others relocated. In order to have a successful event, a committee known as London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games was formed in order to oversee the whole process of conducting the Olympic Games (Rhatigan & Haley 2012). This team was charged with the responsibility of building infrastructures and venues of the event. On the other hand, the government had its own body known as Government Olympic Executive that was responsible for supervising the massive billions of pounds that were poured to fund the event. It is worth noting that the committees did an exemplary job in making the London 2012 a success. Several companies bankrolled the London 2012. Some of the main sponsors of the event included Coca-Cola, Acer, Adidas, Atos, Omega, Panasonic, Samsung, McDonald’s, P&G, among others (Cotgreave 2012). Lastly, London 2012 had a tight security led by the police. There were over ten thousand officers who received support from thirteen thousand five hundred members of the armed forces. The police officers ensured that the participants as well as the members of the public who attended the event were safe (Barden 2008). It is reported that massive funds was pumped to beef up security during the Olympic Games. Cotgreave, A., 2012. London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid? The Guardian. Available at:

The Types And Definitions Of Stigma

The Types And Definitions Of Stigma Stigma is a Greek word meaning mark, cut or burn into the skin, to identify criminal slaves as polluted and shunned in public. However, in a simple term stigma are classed as being represented for persons who are usually excluded from society due to a condition they themselves did not choose or over which they may have little control over, thus suffer from existential stigma; such as sexual identity, mental retardation or even in such cases, marital status. Moreover, there are other cases whereby a person may experience some sort of achieved stigma to which he or she have somehow contributed to their inclusion in a stigmatized group. Such form of stigma could range from homelessness, immigration, achievement or prostitution. Unsurprisingly, many of us fall into at least one of any categories (some not mentioned) yet no one seems to be accepted from association of some stigmatized group. In sociology term Erving Guffman described stigma as an attribute, behaviour or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way. Guffman also defined the meaning of the word stigma as a special gap between vital social identity and actual social identity. Guffmans meaning on vital social identity relates to the way we represent ourselves with people we dont see and for is take on actual social identity he explains it as the way we deal with people in real life. Social Stigma Guffman named abomination of the body (physical deformities) as a character (dishonesty, mental disorder, and homosexuality) tribal (race, sex, religion) as the three types of stigma. In the case of abomination of the body people living with the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) are venerable to stigmatisation; this is because our society has built up our perception to live in fear and to regard such virus as a fatal sin. Unsurprisingly, in this modern day people live in the fear that being around someone living with HIV virus enhances the chances of them being contaminated by them. Some have the belief that the virus is contagious by being around or sharing a cup from the person affected with the virus will virus. Generally the forms of stigmatization usually associated with HIV are groups of people such as homosexuals, ethnic minority such as Black people and drug users, as they believe such groups are the ones who carry the virus around due to the kinds of activities they pursue or the way they live their lives. Possibly in some case you may find that are person within this group requiring medical assistance for whatever reason leads to negative impacts towards their care and health. In some cases you may find that individuals that are infected with the virus are more often shun by families and friends, forcing them to move from their home and sometimes suffer from physical violence or in some extreme cases are even murdered. Unfortunately this is quite evident in third world countries, whereby HIV patients may encounter difficulties and are denied health care, employment and the ability to move from one country to another. In such situation, this fear of stigma causes those affected to ignore sickness test to determine whether they are affected and require treatments, consequently deciding to remain silent about the virus, leading to them being denied the essential treatment and social care. In the long run they eventually deteriorate painfully. Mental Stigma Drug addiction, alcoholism impressments are mental illnesses that relates to all part of the character of being stigmatised. This is down to the individual being dishonest. Personally I believe the media plays a vital role in people suffering from mental illness in to being stigmatized, as I am lead to believe they allow it to happen through the negative views they air out to the public. For people that suffer this mental illness really goes out of their way to commit gruesome crime, whilst a majority of mental illness patients live a quiet and peaceful life others experience something of an unimaginable life, which merely cause them to their death. We learn about this disease in rare cases when a person may decide to discuses their experiences with others. Within some families this is kept as a taboo, as to not allowing other families to discover that a member of a family suffers from mental illness whether it be alcoholic or any other forms of mental difficulty. Such situations are avoided due to what is said or written in the media that becomes their perception of what mental illness means. Whenever we hear about gruesome crimes being linked to mental illness we tend to gain a stronger stigma surroundings mental illness. It is also common for people with this disease to be an easy target for criminals as mental illness interferes with the sufferer ability to socialise with people, thus leaving them unaware, vulnerable and careless of their surroundings; not forgetting homeless. At times such stigmatised group may experience difficulties of having no access to jobs, education and sometimes even a home. As Bill Clinton once said mental illness is nothing to be ashamed of, but stigma and bias shame us all Physical Stigma Tribal is another form of stigma, which can be in the form of race, sex or religion. A good example of such stigma would be the albino race for instance; a hereditary condition caused by the lack of pigmentation (melanin) which leaves the skin whiter. As like Black (and other ethnic minorities) may experience some form of stigmatisation within their lifetime. Albinos, just like many other races may usually find it difficult, living within society. Sadly, albinism in Africa for instance is widely regarded as a form of deformity, for reasons that are non-explanatory. Living as an albino in such country is horrifying, as such race are treated like outcasts, and are made to feel as an underdogs; unable to find jobs. Undoubtedly they are made to feel unwelcome in such community and are very much rejected by their own people. Living in Africa, in many cases you will mostly find albino women end up being single parents because, as most man in some African countries believe in the perception that albino women will have albino children, and also believe that by sleeping with an albino woman they will end with the HIV virus for some reason or another. Which is why you will most likely find albino women dropping out of school due to the immense discriminated, therefore in many cases they may end up selling fruits in the streets due to the lack of education they may have received. As you can imagine, albino children find it hard adjusting to school life, as they are frequently picked upon, cursed at and most times ends up at home with no education to look forward to. Albinism in Africa is regarded as a curse from God (BBC News), a type of stigmatisation that sometimes leads to an unimaginative future as an individual. Physical stigma Obese individuals face different forms of discrimination and prejudice, one of the mostly commonly known stigmatisation. Men as well as Women are faced with such condition due to the way they look as suppose to an average size body, whereby usually in some cases a diet is regarded as a cure to overcome such physical deformity. People suffering from such stigmatisation would tend experience refusal of being hired on a job, and in extreme cases being told to pay for two (rather than one) seats on an airline in order to travel. Attitudes of obese people have become more stigmatised, so much so that people feel it is one that can be excused, of telling someone they are worthless because of their weight. Stigmatizing on weight has become so common that someone has even commented on the heavier a person is on an airline means that that they require more fuel to take the required weight. Unfortunately most people never seem to realize that a weight of a heavy person is linked to uncontrolled heath problems, but usually have a strong belief that it is due to the persons fault; and the person lacks exercise and eats far too much than required. An obsess individual experiencing stigma would no doubt go through life being referred to as either ugly, unattractive or awkward and that it is the personal responsibility of the individual of not being in such a way . Unknown to most, such stigma leads to the obsess individual of gaining even more weight due to the intense stress such person way go through, and by this I mean; they way find that the lack of courage may enhance such weight to be added on. You would usually find that the higher a persons body mass is then the less respect they may gain from society, some would even go as far as telling you that sitting next to an obsess person is a shame and a sickening though because they are perceived as unclean and smelly people, who are unable to wash and look after themselves. No matter what anyone may think, fat stigma affects everyones health, fat, thin or in between. Recently a story was told of how an overweight teenage girl whose school was going through a wellness campaign. Hallways were plastered with posters saying Prevent teenage obesity. After the posters went up, the girl said, schoolmates began taunting her in the halls, pointing at the obese girl on the posters and saying, Look at the fat girl. The moral to this story is that heavier girls at the school were now made to feel conscious about what they consumed, yet the thinner girls were able to eat there choice of lunch without the aid of some snide nasty and disrespectful comment, even if the lunch were similar to the children deemed to be the heaviest. Stigmatization gave the thinner children permission to think theres something wrong with the larger children, which doesnt help them look at their own health habits either. In Goffmans theory of stigma he distinguishes three categories; the own, the wise and the normal (Guffman 1963). He describes the own as a group that represent stigmatized society. the wise in Guffman term are people who assign stigma and feels that life is better to them with few complains. Whereas the normal are people with empathy towards others and therefore help them fit into society.

Mexico`s Megalopolis` by Jonathan Kandell

Nowadays, the city of Mexico is one of the largest megalopolises, with enourmopus population density and industrialization rates. Jonathan Kandell in his book ‘I Saw a City Invincible’ provides a wonderful historical excurse in terms of urban, technological and social development in the city. The issue of migration was particularly obvious between the 1940s and the 1970s, when the inhabitants of small towns and rural areas suddenly began to move into the city, searching for their fortunes at factories and plants. As Kandell notes, â€Å"Factories, commerce, and service jobs sucked in hordes of rural migrants who swelled Mexico City’s population from 1. 5 million in 1940 to 8. 5 million in 1970† (Kandell, p. 183). Furthermore, the author describes the stuggle between time-honored Latin American values and globalization trends, brought by the country’s nearest neighbor, the United States. The phenomenon of tourist infrastructure also emerged under American influence: the new cafes and traditional cuisine restaurants were being adjusted to ‘American demands’ and standards (p. 184). In sociopolitical meaning, the country in that period was literally obsessed with social radical views: â€Å"Revolutionary slogans continued to exalt the ideals of land for the rural dispossessed, living wages for the proletariat, and a determinant voice for the state of economic affairs† (ibid). The ambitiousness of Mexican politicians enjoyed stable and sustainable growth between the 1940s and the 1970s, parallel to the growth of ordinary Mexicans’ aspirations, as increasingly more citizens sought rapid career and social protection in the capital. In reality, the needs of majorities were satisfied: there was a plenty of work, due to the development of service and mass-communications spheres, in which females, traditionally marginalized as reliable employees, got an opportunity to find themselves. Due to the fact that by the 1960s, the average Mexican urban family contained no unemployed members (except children), household incomes were growing proportionally to the overall economic and political progress. Nevertheless, the metropolis also experienced certain problems, such as housing crisis: â€Å"In the 1940s and 1950s most migrants settled first in the old downtown tenements [the so-called’ vecindadez] abandoned generations before by the middle class† (p. 185). These quarters seemed completely distinct dimension that in the course of time obtained a kind of autonomy, as such miniature settlements had their local factories, shopping malls, saloons and bars and, certainly, their own markets, which appeared the centers of social life, peculiar ‘offspring’ of Ancient Roman forum or Greek agora. Kandall provides a description of the typical vecindad: â€Å"†¦Tepito was now populated mainly by artisans, vendors, factory laborers, unskilled workers, waiters, office clerks, messengers and porters†, who earned about $20 per month (p. 85). Notwithstanding the rapid economic development, the migrants’ well-being had been very limited up to the 1960s: due to the fact that flat rent was unjustifiably high, the families huddled together in small windowless apartments and could afford meet only once a week. Another apparent trend in urban development was the gradual growth of small enterprises, to which local governments de legated their responsibilities for food, health facilities and education. Nevertheless, the main institutions remained bureaucratic and centralized, so private capital hadn’t enjoyed considerable flow until the end of the 1970s. Due to the fact that the factories of Mexico City were controlled by local authorities, so the working-class suffered from poverty and lack of dwelling conveniences: â€Å"[only] In 1977 Jaras’ dwelling [situated in the typical working-class ‘reservation’] was legally connected to the municipal electricity grid and water system† (p. 90). The present-day ecological catastrophe, notable in Mexico City, is rooted in the negligence, demonstrated by government as well as local enterprises: â€Å"The primitive recycling of garbage, often carried out illegally by small businesses that are unsupervised by the municipal authorities, poses serious health hazards to the population at large† (p. 192). The author notes that the ‘garbage problem’ had remained extremely sharp up to the end of the 1980s. In addition, Kandall addresses the progress of charity and human services: affluent urban entrepreneurs contributed to the development of local communities in the best Mexican traditions: ‘He sponsored local soccer teams, supplied the uniforms and built for playing fields, which he named Rafael Sports center† (p. 194). On Gutierez’ example the author shows businessmen’s [caciques] bourgeois ambitions: after the establishment of the enterprise, they normally tried to penetrate into the city’s or national political arena, so their charity was nothing more than well-planned PR. Human services, although popular in Mexican culture, were institutionalized only in the 1970s, since the religious traditions prescribed that urban dwellers helped their neighbors and compatriots on the voluntary basis, Mexican cultural collectivism was extremely noticeable in the working-class quarters. With beginning of the 1980s, the country was paralyzed by environmental accidents like earthquakes, but the government appeared incapable of handling the resulting problems in a proper way: â€Å"The small parties of left and right were unable to claim the loyalty of potential dissidents†, whereas the young volunteers seemed the major rescuers, which means, Mexican urban citizens were always ready to support each other, and in spite of the pessimistic ending of the article: â€Å"Throughout its existence the city has been scourged by war, social upheaval. Plague, flood, earthquake† (p. 201), its overall context shows that social problems and emergencies haven’t managed to separate the city dwellers, but rather have united them and created a powerful humanistic basis for the reinforcement of Mexico City.

Mixed Economy

This paper is to be submitted to Mr. Booker as an assignment. It essentially focuses on two questions: a) How does the free market deal with the fundamental question of micro-economics? b) What problems are posed by merit, demerit and public goods? Fundamental question of micro-economics So, first, what is economics? According to Paul A. Samuelson, economics is â€Å"the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different people. † Very briefly, we may summarise that economics is the study of how people choose to use resources. The economic problem is said to arise when we have scare resources to satisfy our unlimited wants. As a result of this problem, which is sometimes called the problem of scarcity, choices have to be made over the following points: 1. What to produce? A classic question here that we often heard of is â€Å"Butter or cannon? † Should an economy produce more consumer goods, e. g. TVs, which can immediately raise people’s living standards, or put more resources into produce more machinery that would enhance the economy’s production capability in the long run? How to strike a balance over the quantities of diffident goods are going to be produced is well worth considering for the decision-makers. 2. How to produce? Generally, what we expect the market going to do is to obtain maximum use out of resources available. This is obvious, but some other issues besides purely economic concerns also should be considered. For example, even though we could produce more goods by forcing labours to accept longer working-hours; this is not something we should do, since there exists moral objections. So, the decision to maximise output and satisfy more wants would need to consider the full impact on the environment and any potential long-term health risks. 3. For whom to produce Though, on the surface, almost all the countries agree that the wealth allocating system in an economy should be â€Å"fair† for both the poor and the better off; in fact, there are some attempts to create a more egalitarian society through policies that re-distribute wealth and income society from the rich to the poor in some capitalism countries, but they are merely self-deceiving, from my point of view. The reason is quite straightforward: the powerful capitalists are the very people who actually operate the political machine in capitalism countries; never would they enact laws which may deprive them of their wealth, would they? (Pardon me for holding such an â€Å"extreme† opinion, Mr. Booker, but I have to be honest! ) Factors of production Now, in the next two pages, let’s sort out four types of resources involved in a production process, known as factors of production: i) Land. In economics, land refers to all natural resources, which can either be renewable and non-renewable. Renewable resources are replaced automatically by nature and so can be used on a continual basis, e. g. rivers; non-renewable resources, in contrast, are not automatically replaced, e. g. fossil fuels. Land is probably the most occupationally mobile of economic resources. However, land is absolutely geographically mobile- we can never move land from Suzhou to Suzhou! ii) Labour Labours are th e people who actually working in a production process. Labours are often not occupationally and geographically mobile due to a series of reasons, e. g. lack of skills or reluctance to accept a higher house price in another place. iii) Enterprise or entrepreneurship An entrepreneur is someone who put the other three resources together into production. Two functions that this factor carries out: a) To organise the other economic resources. b) To take risks involved in the production. Some risks, including fire, theft and flood, can be insured against but others, like costs of production rising, tastes changing, cannot. The entrepreneur is considered as the most mobile of economic resources. They are usually versatile. For example, an entrepreneur who is organising the production of a shoes manufacturing factory is very like to have the ability to run a clothes-making firm; they are also often willing to move from one area to another, since they are always seeking the place where they can make the most profit! iv) Capital goods Capital goods which may be also called producer goods are any man-made aids to production, e. g. ffices, warehouses or a printer. Most machines, equipment and processed raw materials are geographically mobile, even there may involve extra transportation cost, but goods such as factories, offices are not. Many specialised machines e. g. sausage machines are occupationally immobile; while others which are of general use, like a printer, can be occupationally mobile. Economic systems There mainly exist three kinds of economies, the command economy, the free market economy and th e mixed economy. 1. The free market economy In a free market economy decisions on how resources are to be allocated are taken by households and firms. The key point is that they interact as buyers and sellers in the market for goods and services. Prices act to indicate the likely market value of particular resources. Figure 1: A Circular Flow Diagram of a Free Market Economy Many economists believe that in a free market economy, the price system is an â€Å"invisible hand†, which brings together private and social interests in a harmonious way and the government is of no need to intervene the conomic activities; this is the fundamental philosophy underpinning the workings of the market economy. However, in my opinion, even though the markets can play a very important role to a great extent, the government need to intervene in order to obtain a sustainable, continuous economic growth. A best example could be U. S. , which was proud of having the most characters of the free market economy, is now in a great hurry to natio nalise AIG and many other banks in the economic crisis.

What Is Müllerian Mimicry

In the insect world, it sometimes takes a little evolutionary teamwork to fend off all those hungry predators. Mà ¼llerian mimicry is a defensive strategy employed by a group of insects. If you pay attention, you might even be able to see it in your own backyard. The Theory of  Mà ¼llerian Mimicry In 1861, English naturalist Henry W. Bates (1825-1892) first offered a theory that insects use mimicry to fool predators. He noticed that some edible insects shared the same coloration as other unpalatable species. Predators quickly learned to avoid insects with certain color patterns. Bates argued that the mimics gained protection by displaying the same warning colors. This form of mimicry came to be called Batesian mimicry. Almost 20 years later in 1878, German naturalist Fritz Mà ¼ller (1821-1897) offered a different example of insects using mimicry. He observed communities of similarly colored insects and all of them were unpalatable to predators. Mà ¼ller theorized that all of these insects gained protection by displaying the same warning colors. Should a predator eat one insect with a certain coloration and find it inedible, it would learn to avoid catching any insects with similar coloration. Mà ¼llerian mimicry rings may arise over time. These rings include multiple insect species from different families or orders that share common warning colors. When a mimicry ring includes many species, the probability of a predator catching one of the mimics increases. While this may seem disadvantageous, its actually quite the opposite. The sooner a predator samples one of the unpalatable insects, the sooner it will learn to associate the colors of that insect with a bad experience. Mimicry occurs in insects as well as amphibians and other animals that are vulnerable to predators. For example, a non-poisonous frog in a tropical climate may mimic the color or patterns of a poisonous species. In this case, the predator does not have just a negative experience with the warning patterns, but a lethal one. Examples of Mà ¼llerian Mimicry At least a dozen Heliconius  (or longwing) butterflies in South America share similar colors and wing patterns. Each member of this longwing mimicry ring benefits because predators learn to avoid the group as a whole. If youve grown milkweed plants in your garden to attract butterflies, you might have noticed the surprising number of insects  that share the same red-orange and black colors. These beetles and true bugs represent another Mà ¼llerian mimicry ring. It includes the caterpillar of the milkweed  tiger moth, milkweed bugs, and the very popular monarch butterfly.